2019年8月23日に開催された記者会見での財務大臣閣下の発表
インド議会は、2019年7月に2019年財務法（第2号）を可決しました。先日の議会衆議院選挙での圧倒的多数を獲得した後、政府が提出した最初の予算案であり、経済を安定させ、構造的なマクロ経済改革に着手することに焦点が当てられました。 とりわけ 2016年11月に実施された非貨幣化活動と2017年7月の物品サービス税の導入から利益を得てください。予算では、税の最適化、課税ベースの拡大、そして全面的な持続可能性の強化にも重点が置かれました。
2019年の夜明け以来、世界経済は、進行中の貿易戦争、経済制裁、金利引き上げ、政治的不確実性、自然災害などによって深刻な打撃を受けてきました。
世界的な要因の影響と、国内消費の減少と低調な投資が相まって、業界全体でパニックコールが発生しています。企業収益は成長率が低下し、株式市場は急落しました。パニックは自動車セクターから始まり、後に日用消費財、銀行、金融機関、エンジニアリング、金属、その他の中核セクターにまで拡大しました。
偶然にも、2019年4月から2019年6月までのインド経済の国内総生産（GDP）の成長率は、前四半期比成長率5.8％、前四半期比成長率8％から、6年ぶりの低水準である5％に低下しました。
国内外の投資家から提起された懸念に対処し、経済を成長に導くという政府のコミットメントを業界全体に保証するために、財務大臣閣下は、Smt財務大臣が発表しました。ニルマラ・シタラマン（「FM」）は、2019年8月23日に1時間のプレゼンテーションを行いました。これ自体は「ミニ予算」とも言えるものです。
総務局は、これまでに政府が講じた措置と今後講じるべき措置を列挙し、企業スタイルのプレゼンテーションを行った。発表内容は、株式市場から自動車セクター、零細・中小企業（「MSME」）まで多岐にわたり、全体として、経済が世界的な景気減速の影響を克服するのに役立つことに重点が置かれている。
財務大臣は、政府は富の創造者を尊重し、納税者の生活を楽にすることでさまざまな改革や法律の簡素化に取り組むことを改めて表明しました。予算ですでに発表されているように、これらの措置は間もなく発表される予定です。
さらに、政府はまた、さまざまな構造改革、セクター間の調整、プロセスの簡素化、信用と国内需要の拡大のための措置、資本市場への投資の増加などを発表しました。
さまざまなテーマに関する主な発表を以下にまとめます。
1。所得税:IT申告書の事前記入
事前に記入された所得税申告書は、2020年から現実のものになると予想されています。中央直接税委員会（「CBDT」）は、必要なインフラの構築に取り組んでいます。このファシリティは、納税者に納税申告とコンプライアンス手続きを容易にすることを目的としています。
Income Tax Highlights
Key Income Tax Announcements
| S. No. |
Feature |
Description |
| 1 |
Faceless Income Tax scrutiny |
Most income tax scrutiny proceedings to be faceless, expanding the scope of ‘e-proceedings’ to cover various other processes under the Income Tax laws. |
| 2 |
Unique Document Identification Number |
All communications by income tax authorities from 1 October 2019 must have a computer-generated DIN. Communications without it are invalid. |
| 3 |
Time limit for disposal of notices |
All pending notices before 1 Oct 2019 must be reissued with DIN. All notices from 1 Oct 2019 must be resolved within 3 months of taxpayer's response. |
| 4 |
Relief from enhanced surcharge on Capital Gains |
Exemption from enhanced surcharge on LTCG and STCG (Section 111A & 112A) for equity shares and equity-oriented mutual funds to boost market confidence. |
| 5 |
Withdrawal of Angel Tax for Startups |
Section 56(2)(x) not applicable to DPIIT-registered Startups. Dedicated CBDT cell to resolve Startup tax issues quickly. |
| 6 |
Higher depreciation for vehicles till March 2020 |
Additional 15% depreciation (total 30%) on vehicles acquired during FY 2019-20 to support the automobile industry. |
2。会社法
Key Company Law Reforms
| # |
Initiative |
Description |
| 1 |
Quick incorporation of Companies |
Incorporation can now be done within one day with a Central Registration Centre and an integrated form offering auto-registration under multiple laws. |
| 2 |
CSR Violations |
Violations are now treated as civil liabilities instead of criminal offences. Companies also get more time to complete ongoing CSR projects. |
| 3 |
Shifting 16 offences to penalties |
Several offences have been converted to monetary penalties and made compoundable to reduce harsh treatment and avoid prosecutions. |
| 4 |
Easier Mergers & Acquisitions |
Approval processes for M&A transactions have been rationalised and simplified, making them faster and more efficient. |
| 5 |
Differential Voting Rights (DVR) |
Promoters can retain control while raising funds via DVRs—helpful for long-term growth and attracting global investors. |
| 6 |
Withdrawal of prosecutions |
Over 14,000 prosecutions under the Companies Act have been withdrawn to promote ease of doing business and shift away from criminal proceedings. |
| 7 |
IBC amendments for MSMEs & homebuyers |
IBC framework is strengthened to support MSMEs and protect home buyers, ensuring clarity and consistent interpretation by courts. |
3。労働法
Key Labour Law Reforms
| # |
Initiative |
Description |
| 1 |
Fixed term employment for flexibility in hiring |
Permits businesses to hire on fixed-term contracts, offering more transparent and flexible alternatives to contract-based hiring. |
| 2 |
Reduced ESIC contribution to 4% |
Statutory ESIC contribution by employers and employees has been reduced from 6.5% to 4%, increasing employees’ take-home pay. |
| 3 |
Web-based Inspections |
Inspections are now web-based and jurisdiction-free to reduce harassment. Physical inspections must be followed by a report within 48 hours. |
| 4 |
Compounding of offences |
Offences under labour laws can now be compounded, similar to other laws, making compliance easier and litigation less frequent. |
| 5 |
Startup-friendly labour law self-certification |
Startups can self-certify compliance with labour laws and will not face inspections for the first 3 years unless complaints arise. |
4。物品サービス税 (「GST」) 法
Key GST Reforms
| # |
Initiative |
Description |
| 1 |
Reduction in GST returns and simplification of forms |
The GST Council has revised return formats under GST, launched on a trial basis. The return filing system is simplified and applicable from November 2019. |
| 2 |
Simplification of refund process under GST |
Procedural issues in processing GST refunds have been simplified, with most processes automated and approval timelines streamlined. |
| 3 |
Risk-based approach in dealing with taxpayers |
The CBIC is implementing a risk-based policy approach for assessments and inquiries under GST law. This method aims to enhance efficiency in the collection and administration of GST. |
| 4 |
GST Refunds to MSMEs |
All pending GST refund claims for MSMEs will be processed within 30 days. Future refunds will be processed within 60 days from the application date. |
5。銀行およびNBFCセクターにおける対策
Key Banking Reforms and Initiatives
| # |
Initiative |
Description |
| 1 |
Additional Credit expansion through Public Sector Banks (‘PSBs’) |
The Government will release INR 70,000 crores as announced during Budget 2019 to boost credit. This will benefit corporates, MSMEs, small traders, etc. |
| 2 |
Banks to effect timely rate cuts |
Banks will pass on rate cuts by reducing the Marginal Cost of Funds based Lending Rate (MCLR) to borrowers, benefiting loan recipients. |
| 3 |
Banks to launch Repo rate/ external benchmark linked loan products |
Banks will introduce loan products linked to Repo rates or external benchmarks, translating into lower EMIs for housing, vehicle loans, and working capital. |
| 4 |
Customer Ease – Return of documents provided as security |
PSBs will ensure return of loan documents within 15 days of loan closure, reducing hassle for borrowers who have mortgaged assets. |
| 5 |
Support to NBFCs/ HFCs |
The Government will provide additional liquidity support of INR 20,000 crores by NHB to HFCs, supporting house, vehicle, and consumption goods purchases. |
| 6 |
Transparent One Time Settlement (OTS) Policy |
Banks will issue an improved and transparent OTS policy for settling overdue loans with MSME and retail borrowers, fostering greater transparency. |
| 7 |
Protecting honest decision making by bankers in commercial decisions |
The Central Vigilance Commission has issued guidelines to protect bankers' decisions in commercial matters, with the IAC's decision being final. |
| 8 |
Use of Bank KYCs by NBFCs |
NBFCs can use Aadhaar authenticated bank KYC for customer onboarding, streamlining the process and ensuring faster customer access. |
| 9 |
Co-origination of loans by PSBs jointly with NBFCs |
PSBs will collaborate with NBFCs to provide loans to various segments such as MSMEs, Small traders, and Self Help Groups, boosting last-mile connectivity. |
6。中小企業セクター
Key MSME Initiatives
| # |
Initiative |
Description |
| 1 |
MSME Bill discounting through GSTN |
The Trade Receivable Discounting System (‘TreDS’) is an online bill discounting platform helping MSMEs raise funds by selling trade receivables to buyers. The GSTN system will be used in the medium term to facilitate bill discounting for MSMEs. |
| 2 |
Definition of MSME |
The Government is considering amendments to the MSME Act to adopt a single definition for MSMEs. |
| 3 |
Recommendations of the UK Sinha Committee |
The UK Sinha Committee has provided recommendations on credit, marketing, technology, and delayed payments for MSMEs. The Government plans to review these recommendations and implement necessary actions within 30 days. |
7。金融市場
Key Financial Market Initiatives
| # |
Initiative |
Description |
| 1 |
Deepening of bond markets in India |
The Government plans to establish an organization to provide Credit Enhancement for infrastructure and housing projects, improving debt flow. Efforts are underway to develop Credit Default Swap markets and enhance bond market conditions. Additionally, the requirement for a Debenture Redemption Reserve (DRR) has been removed for listed companies, NBFCs, and HFCs. |
| 2 |
Access of Indian Companies to the Global Markets |
The Depository Receipt Scheme, expected to be operational soon, will give Indian companies greater access to foreign funds through ADRs and GDRs. |
| 3 |
Use of Aadhaar-based KYCs for domestic retail investors |
Aadhaar-based KYC is now permitted for opening Demat accounts and investing in mutual funds, streamlining market access for domestic retail investors. |
| 4 |
Simplified KYC for foreign investors and FPIs |
The KYC procedure for foreign investors, including FPIs, will be simplified to improve market access and investment inflows. |
| 5 |
Offshore Rupee market |
The Ministry of Finance is collaborating with the RBI to facilitate increased participation in the offshore Rupee market and introduce trading of USD-INR derivatives in the GIFT IFSC. |
8。インフラストラクチャ
Key Government Infrastructure Initiatives
| # |
Initiative |
Description |
| 1 |
Delayed Payments |
All delayed payments from Government/ CPSEs will be monitored by the Department of Expenditure and reviewed by the Cabinet Secretariat to provide cash flows into the system, facilitating infrastructure investments. |
| 2 |
Payment of Arbitration Awards |
The Government has decided to make payments aggregating to 75% of arbitral awards in case of contractual disputes by Government/ CPSEs while pursuing legal remedies. These payments will be implemented and monitored by the Cabinet Secretariat. |
| 3 |
Investments for Developing Modern Infrastructure Over 5 Years |
An Inter-Ministerial Task force has been constituted to finalize the pipeline of infrastructure projects and make investments of INR 100 lakh crores over the next 5 years to boost growth and create jobs. These projects will be actively monitored. |
9。自動車セクター
- 2020 年 3 月 31 日までに購入された BS IV 車両はすべて、登録期間中ずっと使用できます。
- 車両の1回限りの登録料の改定は、2020年6月まで延期されます。
- 電気自動車（「EV」）と中間商用車（「ICV」）はいずれも、2020年4月以降も引き続き登録されます
- 政府の焦点は、輸出用バッテリーを含む自動車付属品/部品の開発のためのインフラの構築にあります。
- 政府は、需要を増やすために、すべての古い車両を交換するための新車の購入禁止を各省が解除しました。政府は、経済の他の利害関係者も追随することを期待している。
- 政府は、古い車両の廃棄政策の導入など、さまざまな措置を積極的に検討しています。
10。 住宅セクター
Key Government Housing Initiatives
| # |
Initiative |
Description |
| 1 |
Relaxation of ECB Guidelines for Affordable Housing |
ECB guidelines would be relaxed to facilitate financing of eligible home buyers under the PMAY, in consultation with RBI. These benefits are in addition to the existing ECB norms for the affordable housing segment. |
| 2 |
House Building Advance |
The interest rate on House Building Advance shall be lowered and linked with the 10 Year Government Securities (G-Sec) Yields. Government servants contribute to a major component of demand for houses, encouraging more government servants to buy new houses. |
| 3 |
Special Window for Affordable and Middle-Income Housing |
A Special Window will be provided for last mile funding of housing projects in the affordable and middle-income categories. The Fund, with an expected size of INR 10,000 crores, will focus on unfinished units and will receive contributions from both the Government and private investors like LIC, banks, sovereign funds, etc. |
知っておくべきことはすべてここにあります。 輸出を増やすための措置|パート2 |財務省の発表
